Women in Medieval Philosophy
- Letter to the Galatians (3,27 -28): equality of God's children
- Many women in the Christian community, diaconia
- Velo women (1 Cor 14:34-40), respect for difference and diversity
gender and gender relations and order in creation
- Rapporti domestici (Ef 5,21-32),valore storico e mistero della
Chiesa
-Prima lettera a Timoteo (2,8-15) vietato l’insegnamento pubblico
femminile
Gnosticismo e reazione antignostica
-Dio come padre e madre;
- “Padre e Madre del Tutto”(Valentino)
- “Io sono il Padre, sono la Madre, sono il Figlio”(Apocrifo di
Giovanni)
-Donne sacerdotesse
-violent and misogynist reaction Tertullian
Augustine and Ambrosiaster
- For Augustine, the soul is asexual, sexual difference
on the body, same image God help
Eva-person (as the earth receives the seed, the woman exists only to breed
)
-issue of marriage in heaven (or spiritual fruitfulness
procreation without sex or sex without lust? prevails
last)
Monica-role in the conversion
- Ambrosiaster denies the image of God in women (secluded)
- For Augustine, the soul is asexual, sexual difference
on the body, same image God help
Eva-person (as the earth receives the seed, the woman exists only to breed
)
-issue of marriage in heaven (or spiritual fruitfulness
procreation without sex or sex without lust? prevails
last)
Monica-role in the conversion
- Ambrosiaster denies the image of God in women (secluded)
Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1176)
- one of the few women who occupy a place in
Western philosophy before the age contemporary
- As a child suffered visionary phenomena, linked to a
state of health is very fragile, acceptance and processing in cognitive
sense of these experiences enabled her to produce an original and very incisive thought
in the reality of his time;
- Oblate age seven years at the Benedictine abbey of
Disibodenberg later became teacher abbess of the nuns and then
- makes many trips and links to the work of reforming
Bernard of Clairvaux;
- practiced medicine, he wrote music on their texts:
a collection of poems inspired by the holy figures (among which Mary
"flaming aurora"), the Symphonia Harmoniae caelestium
revelationum (harmonious concert of heavenly revelations, ca.
1151-58), and a sacred representation of moral content, Ordo
virtutum (The order of virtues) and was
spiritual adviser not only of monks and nuns, but also sovereign (including Frederick Barbarossa
)
powerful secular and ecclesiastical
- Wrote many works: Liber Scivias (a contraction of
"Scythians vias Domini," "know the ways of the Lord", 1141-51), the Liber vitae
meritorum (Book of the merits of life, 1158-63), the
operum Liber divinorum (The Book of divine works 1164-74), Liber
subtilitatum diversarum naturarum Creaturarum (Paper
investigating the subtle aspects of the different natures of the creatures, ca. 1158-70), the
Physica (Physics, encyclopedia Nature ) and Causae et Curae (
The causes and cures, where the medical and physiological knowledge concerning
the human body are related to cosmological principles)
- His approach to the knowledge of reality does not follow
how the school's reading and commentary of the texts, but is based on 'intuitive experience
which it refers to the visionary
in several places of his work.
- Visions are considered to be of divine origin and
bearers of knowledge in the nature, history and spiritual
human life: the different levels of meaning of the visions
(literal, allegorical, tropological) are exposed by Hildegard in
extensive explanations, which she traced to a constant
divine inspiration that serves as a means of his "fragile woman's body."
• Hildegard says the spiritual superiority of man over creatures
angels, because in the dual composition - body and soul - that
reflects the divinity and humanity of Christ, lies the possibility
that humanity has to cooperate with God, with the work of creation,
by the generation that will bring the number of men
to fill the post left vacant by the rebel angels, the rebuilding
fullness of creation, and with the work of salvation, through the moral and spiritual perfection of humanity
follow Christ
in history that leading to full victory over demonioalla end of
times. • Hildegard
discovers and reveals to humanity the presence of God in
plants, stones, in the elements and, of course, humans
• "His vision of the party, we might say, from
starry heights and spreads until it touches every sphere of human existence .
Everything for her is united by a single thread, which weaves the plot
extraordinary, wonderful, everything is set in motion by the "supreme power
" from the "miraculous power," which is nothing but the
Viriditas . Life itself is an overwhelming potential,
a turbine which also involves the smallest thing created, which,
because of it, has an increasingly decisive. Nothing is there
by accident, but the interdependence characterizes the universe in complete unity and completeness
. In this same spirit Hildegard
dedicated to medical research and therapy, as it is convinced that the
diseases, physical or mental, which is often plagued humanity, not
are merely the visible consequence of a rupture of that thread
wonderful, each of which binds all creation ead
transmits its vitality. She studies the properties of pure materials
plants or stones, for example (he was a careful observer
), but does not stop outside the examination: are you interested
rather to discover the healing powers hidden in them; powers
she also found in music and speech. "
• "So we might also think that the Viriditas, of which she
so often speaks, as well as being miraculous that fluid passing through
innervation, all creatures and the cosmos itself, it is the power
hidden throughout what, exactly, "grows green." What is green
is alive, throbbing through its fibers and the roots, even
deep
spends his life, and life throws all sorts of fruits, which
enrich the beauty of creation and, in turn, is prepare to produce
yet, in a continuous, infinite and exciting: the
vital process that never stops, and that, for an extraordinary
prodigy, is also capable of creating life from death. "
• The history is the conduct of the affairs of all creation,
the fall of the angel to rebel victory Antichrist. In these events
human rationality, which has the same
fiery character of the Creator Spirit, has the task of unifying the world
body and the spiritual and moral life in the realization of
health through knowledge and use of the world
natural
in this context is central to the concept of Viriditas (
sostantifica that the symbolic nature of the green), which expresses the vitality and fertility
not only the plant world, but also
of the physical and spiritual.
human being can also experience the harmony of the voice, the immediate experience
unity of soul and body, which tends to reproduce
perfection of humanity before the fall: in the music and song
reconstruction of the duality is in fact already taking place and purpose of human life is made
. • In the third
Scivias Hildegard presents a vision of 'image cosmos, it has some similarities with those of contemporary philosophers,
But it is also important differences, between these first
the "egg shape" of the cosmos Hildegard, which gives physical reality
the traditional symbol of life in the world, this
also an important source in the culture of schools based on the liberal arts
, De Mercurio et Nuptiis Philologiae. Proceeding to the 'internal structure
meet the different layers of cosmic
elements similar to those of traditional cosmology
but with two important differences: the top element, fire, splits into
a bright fire and a black fire, to account della
duplicità delle forze, positive e negative, che s’intersecano nel macrocosmo.
Fra queste hanno un ruolo rilevante, oltre naturalmente al sole e ai
pianeti della tradizione astronomica, i venti che, convergendo verso
il centro, la terra, esercitano la loro funzione primaria nel
conferire vita e movimento a questa complessa struttura. Nel Liber
divinorom operum (1174) la forma del cosmo, generato nel petto di una
figura divina a carattere antropomorfo, è rotonda e, per quanto gli
strati successivi siano gli stessi che nell' opera precedente, ciò
che ora tiene insieme la struttura sono raggi che s’intersecano unendo la
circonferenza con il centro; This consists of a human figure, which represents the microcosm
- one of the few women who occupy a place in
Western philosophy before the age contemporary
- As a child suffered visionary phenomena, linked to a
state of health is very fragile, acceptance and processing in cognitive
sense of these experiences enabled her to produce an original and very incisive thought
in the reality of his time;
- Oblate age seven years at the Benedictine abbey of
Disibodenberg later became teacher abbess of the nuns and then
- makes many trips and links to the work of reforming
Bernard of Clairvaux;
- practiced medicine, he wrote music on their texts:
a collection of poems inspired by the holy figures (among which Mary
"flaming aurora"), the Symphonia Harmoniae caelestium
revelationum (harmonious concert of heavenly revelations, ca.
1151-58), and a sacred representation of moral content, Ordo
virtutum (The order of virtues) and was
spiritual adviser not only of monks and nuns, but also sovereign (including Frederick Barbarossa
)
powerful secular and ecclesiastical
- Wrote many works: Liber Scivias (a contraction of
"Scythians vias Domini," "know the ways of the Lord", 1141-51), the Liber vitae
meritorum (Book of the merits of life, 1158-63), the
operum Liber divinorum (The Book of divine works 1164-74), Liber
subtilitatum diversarum naturarum Creaturarum (Paper
investigating the subtle aspects of the different natures of the creatures, ca. 1158-70), the
Physica (Physics, encyclopedia Nature ) and Causae et Curae (
The causes and cures, where the medical and physiological knowledge concerning
the human body are related to cosmological principles)
- His approach to the knowledge of reality does not follow
how the school's reading and commentary of the texts, but is based on 'intuitive experience
which it refers to the visionary
in several places of his work.
- Visions are considered to be of divine origin and
bearers of knowledge in the nature, history and spiritual
human life: the different levels of meaning of the visions
(literal, allegorical, tropological) are exposed by Hildegard in
extensive explanations, which she traced to a constant
divine inspiration that serves as a means of his "fragile woman's body."
• Hildegard says the spiritual superiority of man over creatures
angels, because in the dual composition - body and soul - that
reflects the divinity and humanity of Christ, lies the possibility
that humanity has to cooperate with God, with the work of creation,
by the generation that will bring the number of men
to fill the post left vacant by the rebel angels, the rebuilding
fullness of creation, and with the work of salvation, through the moral and spiritual perfection of humanity
follow Christ
in history that leading to full victory over demonioalla end of
times. • Hildegard
discovers and reveals to humanity the presence of God in
plants, stones, in the elements and, of course, humans
• "His vision of the party, we might say, from
starry heights and spreads until it touches every sphere of human existence .
Everything for her is united by a single thread, which weaves the plot
extraordinary, wonderful, everything is set in motion by the "supreme power
" from the "miraculous power," which is nothing but the
Viriditas . Life itself is an overwhelming potential,
a turbine which also involves the smallest thing created, which,
because of it, has an increasingly decisive. Nothing is there
by accident, but the interdependence characterizes the universe in complete unity and completeness
. In this same spirit Hildegard
dedicated to medical research and therapy, as it is convinced that the
diseases, physical or mental, which is often plagued humanity, not
are merely the visible consequence of a rupture of that thread
wonderful, each of which binds all creation ead
transmits its vitality. She studies the properties of pure materials
plants or stones, for example (he was a careful observer
), but does not stop outside the examination: are you interested
rather to discover the healing powers hidden in them; powers
she also found in music and speech. "
• "So we might also think that the Viriditas, of which she
so often speaks, as well as being miraculous that fluid passing through
innervation, all creatures and the cosmos itself, it is the power
hidden throughout what, exactly, "grows green." What is green
is alive, throbbing through its fibers and the roots, even
deep
spends his life, and life throws all sorts of fruits, which
enrich the beauty of creation and, in turn, is prepare to produce
yet, in a continuous, infinite and exciting: the
vital process that never stops, and that, for an extraordinary
prodigy, is also capable of creating life from death. "
• The history is the conduct of the affairs of all creation,
the fall of the angel to rebel victory Antichrist. In these events
human rationality, which has the same
fiery character of the Creator Spirit, has the task of unifying the world
body and the spiritual and moral life in the realization of
health through knowledge and use of the world
natural
in this context is central to the concept of Viriditas (
sostantifica that the symbolic nature of the green), which expresses the vitality and fertility
not only the plant world, but also
of the physical and spiritual.
human being can also experience the harmony of the voice, the immediate experience
unity of soul and body, which tends to reproduce
perfection of humanity before the fall: in the music and song
reconstruction of the duality is in fact already taking place and purpose of human life is made
. • In the third
Scivias Hildegard presents a vision of 'image cosmos, it has some similarities with those of contemporary philosophers,
But it is also important differences, between these first
the "egg shape" of the cosmos Hildegard, which gives physical reality
the traditional symbol of life in the world, this
also an important source in the culture of schools based on the liberal arts
, De Mercurio et Nuptiis Philologiae. Proceeding to the 'internal structure
meet the different layers of cosmic
elements similar to those of traditional cosmology
but with two important differences: the top element, fire, splits into
a bright fire and a black fire, to account della
duplicità delle forze, positive e negative, che s’intersecano nel macrocosmo.
Fra queste hanno un ruolo rilevante, oltre naturalmente al sole e ai
pianeti della tradizione astronomica, i venti che, convergendo verso
il centro, la terra, esercitano la loro funzione primaria nel
conferire vita e movimento a questa complessa struttura. Nel Liber
divinorom operum (1174) la forma del cosmo, generato nel petto di una
figura divina a carattere antropomorfo, è rotonda e, per quanto gli
strati successivi siano gli stessi che nell' opera precedente, ciò
che ora tiene insieme la struttura sono raggi che s’intersecano unendo la
circonferenza con il centro; This consists of a human figure, which represents the microcosm
medicine and natural philosophy Aristotelian-galeliana
-The male seed for Aristotle is the formal cause of generation,
female blood is the material cause (for there are two semi Galen
instead);
-woman is a "mas occasionatus, a failed male sterile and
incomplete ("Occasio means a fault which does not correspond
intention of
nature ")
- The woman is thus a creation of reserves, which occurs when
the first intention of nature, which aspires man, it fails.
It is a man thwarted in his
development.
- "All parties have the men have the women
( inside) "-" The
woman, as does not have sufficient natural heat, is unable to
'cook' her menstrual fluid to the point of refinement, the
which become sperm (ie sperm). Therefore, his only contribution
embryo is the subject, and a 'field' in which to grow
(Generating
animals):
-women have a lower temperature than humans, has the same organs
sexual man but the low temperature makes it impossible for
woman to drive them out (For Galen the cervix is \u200b\u200ba
sentences overturned in the final part of the scrotum
reversed);
- she is cold and wet and more liquid than the man who
is rather dry and warm and as such, totally at the mercy of
passions
sensual
- The sexual organs are considered physical markers
quotas, the natural truth masculine or feminine gender is
the opposition active / passive, and there is no attempt to base
social roles on the nature, confusing terminology
anatomy.
-recorded cases of sexual metamorphosis from medicine
period (hyperactive girls and then "hot" that turn into
men);
-body fluids and bodies are considered in all communication
between them, the sperm, for example, blood is fine (the foam
blood) flowing through the brain and then through the bone, kidneys, testes, comes to the penis. This blood, women,
menocaldo men (ie without the heat required to do so
skim), or they lost through menstruation or refined
a less imperfect, in form of nourishment to the fetus or
milk.
-The male seed for Aristotle is the formal cause of generation,
female blood is the material cause (for there are two semi Galen
instead);
-woman is a "mas occasionatus, a failed male sterile and
incomplete ("Occasio means a fault which does not correspond
intention of
nature ")
- The woman is thus a creation of reserves, which occurs when
the first intention of nature, which aspires man, it fails.
It is a man thwarted in his
development.
- "All parties have the men have the women
( inside) "-" The
woman, as does not have sufficient natural heat, is unable to
'cook' her menstrual fluid to the point of refinement, the
which become sperm (ie sperm). Therefore, his only contribution
embryo is the subject, and a 'field' in which to grow
(Generating
animals):
-women have a lower temperature than humans, has the same organs
sexual man but the low temperature makes it impossible for
woman to drive them out (For Galen the cervix is \u200b\u200ba
sentences overturned in the final part of the scrotum
reversed);
- she is cold and wet and more liquid than the man who
is rather dry and warm and as such, totally at the mercy of
passions
sensual
- The sexual organs are considered physical markers
quotas, the natural truth masculine or feminine gender is
the opposition active / passive, and there is no attempt to base
social roles on the nature, confusing terminology
anatomy.
-recorded cases of sexual metamorphosis from medicine
period (hyperactive girls and then "hot" that turn into
men);
-body fluids and bodies are considered in all communication
between them, the sperm, for example, blood is fine (the foam
blood) flowing through the brain and then through the bone, kidneys, testes, comes to the penis. This blood, women,
menocaldo men (ie without the heat required to do so
skim), or they lost through menstruation or refined
a less imperfect, in form of nourishment to the fetus or
milk.
Nicholas Bonetti
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